| Ladislaus Freiherr Hengelmüller von Hengervár | |
|---|---|
| Austro-Hungarian Minister to Serbia | |
| In office 21 February 1887 – 30 July 1889 |
|
| Preceded by | Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch |
| Succeeded by | Gustav Freiherr von Thömmel |
| Austro-Hungarian Minister to Brazil | |
| In office 4 March 1891 – 7 May 1893 |
|
| Preceded by | Rudolf Graf von Welsersheimb |
| Succeeded by | Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera |
| Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to the United States | |
| In office 11 October 1894 – 7 January 1913 |
|
| Preceded by | Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera |
| Succeeded by | Konstantin Dumba |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 May 1845 Pest, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary) |
| Died | 22 April 1917 (aged 71) Abbazia, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia) |
| Spouse(s) | Marie, née Gräfin Dunin-Borkowska (1859–?) |
Ladislaus (from 1906, Freiherr) Hengelmüller von Hengervár (Hungarian: hengervári báró Hengelmüller László) (2 May 1845 – 22 April 1917), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Hungarian origin who was a long-term Ambassador at Washington D.C., throughout many Presidential administrations including those of William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft.
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Born in Pest (now Budapest) on 2 May 1845 into a family belonging to the Germany community in Hungary.[1] His father Michael Hengelmüller was an Austrian court official. On 3 April 1893, he married Marie née Countess Dunin-Borkowska (1859–?), a widow and daughter of Count Alfred Dunin-Borkowski (1834–1895), in Dresden.[2]
After having served in the Chancellery of the Royal Hungarian Court and the Ministry of Finance, Hengelmüller began his diplomatic career. In 1868, he was appointed as Chancellor of the General consulate for China and Japan, and then served briefly in the Foreign Ministry in Vienna. Following a stint at the Consulate in Budapest, he was stationed in Washington D.C. and Berlin from 1870 to 1874. In 1875, he was responsible for the preparations of a commercial treaty with Germany and was thereafter dispatched to Paris in 1876 and to London in 1879.[3] It was in this latter posting, where he remained for almost a decade, where he distinguished himself and acquired a reputation for shrewdness. One of his achievements during this time was to obtain a public apology by Gladstone, who was well-known for his stubbornness.[4]
In 1887, he was appointed to serve as minister at Belgrade in the wake of the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885-1886 and had to exercise a restraining influence on King Milan I, whose throne depended on Austro-Hungarian support.[5] In 1889, he was ennobled as Hengelmüller von Hengervár and appointed a Privy Counsellor (Geheimrat). In 1891, he became minister at Rio de Janeiro before being appointed to serve as minister at Washington D.C. in 1894.
Described as clever and experienced, Hengelmüller von Hengervár became greatly popular and well-respected during his long period of service in Washington D.C.[6]
In late 1902, he was informed that his legation would be upgraded to an embassy and that he would be promoted to the rank of ambassador.[7] Already in 1896 had he lobbied Emperor Franz Joseph I and Foreign Minister Goluchowski to raise the status of his mission.[8] On 27 December, he presented his credentials to President Roosevelt and became the first ambassador of Austria-Hungary to the United States.[9]
In the autumn of 1906, his name was one of those advanced as a successor to Count Goluchowski as Imperial Foreign Minister, but the post eventually went to an old friend Count Lexa von Aehrenthal.[10] On 13 December 1906, he was elevated to the rank of Baron, one of the few products of the nineteenth century nobility among senior Austro-Hungarian diplomats.[11]
Baron Hengelmüller von Hengervár was present on 10 January 1908 at the Waldorf Astoria in New York when the American Priory of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem was officially incorporated.[12] In 1909, he signed an arbitration treaty between the United States and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which provided for a Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague.[13]
On 23 February 1910, he became dean of the diplomatic corps in Washington D.C.[14]
When former President Roosevelt, with whom he had become a good friend, visited Austria-Hungary in 1910, he was one of the hosts[15] and Roosevelt also wrote the preface of the Baron's book on Prince Rákóczi, a Hungarian leader of an uprising against the Habsburgs in the eighteenth century, in 1913. It could be noted though that the Baron's own Hungarian skills were considered rather weak although he was considered an eminent linguist in diplomatic circles.[16]
On a more anecdotal level, Baron Hengelmüller von Hengervár was subject to a quote by the then President Taft: "Let him wait", Taft told Captain Butt regarding the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador's impatience over a delayed appointment. "A man with the name of Hengelmuller should not want me to leave my lunch" .[17]
In the autumn of 1912, he formally announced his retirement and that he would return to Vienna after close to twenty years in Washington D.C.[18] His long years of service but also the fact that Count Lexa von Aehrenthal, a personal friend, had died earlier that year likely contributed to this end.[19] He was succeeded by Konstantin Dumba who held the post until he was declared persona non grata and expelled from the country by President Wilson in 1915.
Baron Hengelmüller von Hengelvár, who had been appointed a life-time member of the Hungarian House of Magnates in 1910, died at Abbazia (now Opatija), at the time one of the leading health resorts of the Habsburg Empire located in Istria, on 22 April 1917.
His summer residence in Maine from his years in the United States today operates as a bed and breakfast.[20]
Freiherr was a title, translated as Baron, not a first or middle name. From 1919 Freiherr and its feminine equivalents are no longer titles but part of the surname, following the given name(s) and are not translated.
| Diplomatic posts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch |
Austro-Hungarian Minister to Serbia 1887–1889 |
Succeeded by Gustav Freiherr von Thömmel |
| Preceded by Rudolf Graf von Welsersheimb |
Austro-Hungarian Minister to Brazil 1891–1893 |
Succeeded by Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera |
| Preceded by Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera |
Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to the United States 1894–1913 |
Succeeded by Konstantin Dumba |